Popular Culture (4-2) Class Participation Assignment

Mainstream society (4-2) Class Participation - Assignment Example The way that John’s character unfurls and is depicted likewise influenced the manner in which I pondered him. The film fabricates and rotates around him in such a way, that I began associating with the character. The way that he was a cop and was a calm man likewise helped in remembering him as a saint. He gave indications of being an amiable, steady, unassuming and simple man. All proposals characteristics guaranteed me as John’s character being focal and that of a saint. The film was discharged in 1988 and was an American activity Film. Furthermore, I feel that how the legend is depicted in a film, to a decent degree is subject to what the watchers need to see. This was when individuals needed to see the character of saint being a typical man with whom the crowd could identify with and this pattern despite everything proceeds. The activity motion pictures during that time were totally a small time appear, however there used to be a back-up accommodated the saint from different characters yet in every aberrant mean. Till this time individuals anticipated somewhat more reasonable arranging and thinking from the saint. Along these lines, the character of John McClane gave no indications of being an ideal and amazingly talented person yet at the same time some way or another having the option to sift through everything at long last in a savvy route and in his own

Success of BMW Campaign Free Essays

The BMW battle comprised of many major and little occasions which assisted with promoting the new BMW Z3 roadster to people in general. In any case, the inquiry presently is whether the crusade is fruitful in achieving that objective. Accomplishment of the BMW battle can be estimated in a few different ways. We will compose a custom exposition test on Accomplishment of BMW Campaign or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now For instance, it very well may be estimated by its destinations (regardless of whether the goals of the crusade have been met) or by the quantity of pre-orders made. For this situation, because of the absence of information about the quantity of pre-orders made after every occasion, we will quantify by its goals. We have distinguished 5 significant goals to the crusade as appeared for the situation. They are: (1) to spur and invigorate seller arrange, (2) build up an Order Bank, (3) reposition BMW as snappy and fun, (4) situating Z3 in American culture and above all, (5) improve BMW’s brand mindfulness. To see whether the destinations have been met, we will look at every individual occasion cautiously. Vendor Advertising and Promotions Dealers’ support for BMW Z3 is significant in propelling this new vehicle to people in general. With 345 vendors and just 150 showcase vehicles during the special time frame, it end up being a test for this association to happen. Be that as it may, the vendors moved up to address the difficulty and a request bank was created. Furthermore, the seller special bundle which displayed the private screening of the Golden Eye film and vehicle before the movies film opening end up being powerful in raising BMW’s brand mindfulness. As cited, â€Å"these occasions pulled in extraordinary neighborhood exposure, showing up in nearby papers, and frequently gave an account of metropolitan TV and radio†. Their imaginative bundle has likewise help to reposition BMW as being trendy and fun, which was additionally an approach to help improve the Z3’s remaining in the American market. All things considered, all the targets have been met for this occasion, therefore demonstrating the achievement and adequacy of this occasion. Item Placement in Golden Eye This non-customary technique for marked diversion, or all the more generally known as item position, in a film was exceptionally hazardous, as referenced in @@@ (advantages and dangers). Be that as it may, Golden Eye ended up being a hit in the movies in America, selling $26. 2 million in ticket deals. As buyers will in general switch off their opposition instrument to promotions during films (O’Guinn, Allen, Semenik, 2009), shoppers are by and large progressively presented and helpless to these unpretentious ads in Golden Eye. As the primary thought of tying Z3 with James Bond was to show the fun and ‘cool’ side to the vehicle, it was effective in accomplishing the target, along with the achievement of the film. Accordingly, there were sure surveys made by New York Times, Motor Trend Magazine and even Forbes. An increasingly unmistakable outcome was that more than 9000 Z3 was pre-booked by December 1995 contrasted with the anticipated 5000. Obviously, item situation was the key in the accomplishment of the battle. Neiman Marcus Christmas Catalog Neiman Marcus Catalog was a remarkable purpose of-contact to the shoppers in light of the fact that the items it highlights are typically regarded as entirely attractive, like being a list of things to get. As demonstrated, 100 requests were made inside two days rather than the assessed 20 units deals objective, which came as a charming astonishment to BMW and Neiman Marcus. Truth be told, there were 6000 customers’ requests or sitting tight rundown applications battling for the 100 vehicles. This indicated this advancement thought was viable in selling Z3 to clients. Additionally, BMW can connect with more clients by means of the list circulation as well. BMW Internet Site The developing use of Internet made the prominence of organization sites increment in 1996. With the ‘Build Your Own Roadster’ module added to the site, guests could picture their own vehicle from an assortment of points of view. One primary advantage was that it could convey item highlights or advantages successfully since purchasers can look at the virtual vehicle intently. Likewise, the personalisation impact can make the purchasers feel a specific passionate attach to the item. Purchasers who had burnt through a ton of energy during the shopping experience would assess the item as increasingly good and significant (Cardozo, 1965). Along these lines, this could significantly help in the deals of Z3, expecting that Z3 can be customized as far as outside, inside and top hues as well. In any case, since the site didn't have online buy choices around then, the site could just end up being helpful in raising brand mindfulness and perhaps impart a ‘fun’ factor. Press Launch in Central Park. This occasion was a central point in encouraging not exclusively to advance Z3 as a sleek, fun vehicle yet in addition extraordinarily improving brand mindfulness. There were broad inclusion in both communicate and print by significant system news programs which improved Z3’s brand mindfulness definitely. Radio DJ Program This was significant in the informal impact which had multiple times the impact of different projects. This buzz advertising, which is an idea of shared program, offered ascend to discussions about BMW Z3. As the DJs were picked with care, they were perfect in assisting with getting the message out about BMW (Khermouch, Green, 2001). This has created mindfulness about Z3 just as situating it to be fun and trendy. Outline Certainly, these occasions, regardless of whether little or large, have contributed somehow to the accomplishment of the battle as they strengthened and based upon each other to make a superior impact. In any case, a portion of the limited time exercises were just successful partly because of the limitation of innovation information and instruments in that period. In any case, the crusade accomplished its objective to bring and market Z3 into the American market. Instructions to refer to Success of BMW Campaign, Papers

The Impact of Alcoholism on Society

The Impact of Alcoholism on Society Addiction Alcohol Use Print The Impact of Alcoholism on Society By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on September 20, 2019 Richard Hutchings / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The real-world impact of alcohol abuse reaches far beyond the financial costs. When a loved one has a problem with alcohol, it can affect their marriage and their extended family. Theres also the larger impact on the community, schools, the workplace, the health care system and on society as a whole. How Alcoholism Affects Society Approximately 14 million people in the United States meet the criteria for severe alcohol use disorders and alcohol is involved in more than 88,000 deaths per year. But its not necessarily people who have alcohol addiction having the biggest impact on these figures. Its estimated that more than 75 percent of the cost of excessive alcohol consumption in the U.S. is due to binge drinking, and most binge drinkers are not alcohol-dependent. Financial Costs of Alcoholism According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the cost of excessive alcohol use in the U.S. alone exceeds $200 billion annually. More than 70 percent of that is attributed to binge drinking, defined as four or more alcoholic beverages per occasion for women or five or more drinks per occasion for men. The CDC estimates that 40 percent of the cost of excessive alcohol consumption is paid by federal, state, and local governments. The biggest cost is loss of workplace productivity. Healthcare costs, crime and law enforcement, as well as motor vehicle crashes are also among the top alcohol-related expenses. The CDC estimates that these figures are all underestimated because alcohols involvement in sickness, injury, and death is not always available or reported. These figures also do not include some medical and mental health conditions that are the result of alcohol abuse. Also not included in these figures are the work days that family members miss due to the alcohol problems of a loved one. Healthcare Costs of Alcohol Abuse Alcohol consumption is a risk factor in 25 chronic diseases and conditions, and alcohol plays a significant role in certain cancers, psychiatric conditions, and numerous cardiovascular and digestive diseases. Additionally, alcohol consumption can increase the risk of diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. The majority of the estimated $28 billion spent each year on alcohol-related health care  goes toward the treatment of unintentional and intentional alcohol-related injuries. How Alcohol Intoxication Increases Injury Risk Alcohol-Related Aggression and Violence Along with unintentional injury, alcohol plays a significant role in intentional injuries as a result of aggression and violence. Alcohol has been linked to physical violence by a variety of research studies. On top of the healthcare cost of alcohol-related intentional violence in the United States, the estimated annual cost to the criminal justice system is another estimated $25 billion. Effect of Alcoholism on the Family The social impact of alcohol abuse is a separate issue from the financial costs involved, and that impact begins in the home, extends into the community, and often affects society as a whole, much like the financial impact does. Alcoholism as a Family Disease Research on the effects of alcohol abuse on families shows that alcohol abuse and addiction plays a role in intimate partner violence, causes families financial problems, impairs decision-making skills, and plays a role in child neglect and abuse. As with the financial costs of alcohol abuse, studies have found occasional binge drinking can affect families also. One study revealed that spousal violence is more likely not only when a partner is alcohol dependent or a problem drinker, but also when the partner is an infrequent drinker who occasionally drinks heavily. Effects of Alcohol Abuse on Children Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is one of the most common direct consequences of parental alcohol use in the United States, caused by alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy. Children with FAS display a variety of symptoms, many of which are life-long and permanent. Children who grow up in a home with a loved one dealing with alcohol addiction may be affected as well; they are likely to develop alcohol use disorders themselves. Growing up in a home where at least one parent has a severe alcohol use disorder can increase a childs chances of developing psychological and emotional problems. Challenges Faced by Children of Alcoholics

The Impact of Alcoholism on Society

The Impact of Alcoholism on Society Addiction Alcohol Use Print The Impact of Alcoholism on Society By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on September 20, 2019 Richard Hutchings / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The real-world impact of alcohol abuse reaches far beyond the financial costs. When a loved one has a problem with alcohol, it can affect their marriage and their extended family. Theres also the larger impact on the community, schools, the workplace, the health care system and on society as a whole. How Alcoholism Affects Society Approximately 14 million people in the United States meet the criteria for severe alcohol use disorders and alcohol is involved in more than 88,000 deaths per year. But its not necessarily people who have alcohol addiction having the biggest impact on these figures. Its estimated that more than 75 percent of the cost of excessive alcohol consumption in the U.S. is due to binge drinking, and most binge drinkers are not alcohol-dependent. Financial Costs of Alcoholism According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the cost of excessive alcohol use in the U.S. alone exceeds $200 billion annually. More than 70 percent of that is attributed to binge drinking, defined as four or more alcoholic beverages per occasion for women or five or more drinks per occasion for men. The CDC estimates that 40 percent of the cost of excessive alcohol consumption is paid by federal, state, and local governments. The biggest cost is loss of workplace productivity. Healthcare costs, crime and law enforcement, as well as motor vehicle crashes are also among the top alcohol-related expenses. The CDC estimates that these figures are all underestimated because alcohols involvement in sickness, injury, and death is not always available or reported. These figures also do not include some medical and mental health conditions that are the result of alcohol abuse. Also not included in these figures are the work days that family members miss due to the alcohol problems of a loved one. Healthcare Costs of Alcohol Abuse Alcohol consumption is a risk factor in 25 chronic diseases and conditions, and alcohol plays a significant role in certain cancers, psychiatric conditions, and numerous cardiovascular and digestive diseases. Additionally, alcohol consumption can increase the risk of diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. The majority of the estimated $28 billion spent each year on alcohol-related health care  goes toward the treatment of unintentional and intentional alcohol-related injuries. How Alcohol Intoxication Increases Injury Risk Alcohol-Related Aggression and Violence Along with unintentional injury, alcohol plays a significant role in intentional injuries as a result of aggression and violence. Alcohol has been linked to physical violence by a variety of research studies. On top of the healthcare cost of alcohol-related intentional violence in the United States, the estimated annual cost to the criminal justice system is another estimated $25 billion. Effect of Alcoholism on the Family The social impact of alcohol abuse is a separate issue from the financial costs involved, and that impact begins in the home, extends into the community, and often affects society as a whole, much like the financial impact does. Alcoholism as a Family Disease Research on the effects of alcohol abuse on families shows that alcohol abuse and addiction plays a role in intimate partner violence, causes families financial problems, impairs decision-making skills, and plays a role in child neglect and abuse. As with the financial costs of alcohol abuse, studies have found occasional binge drinking can affect families also. One study revealed that spousal violence is more likely not only when a partner is alcohol dependent or a problem drinker, but also when the partner is an infrequent drinker who occasionally drinks heavily. Effects of Alcohol Abuse on Children Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is one of the most common direct consequences of parental alcohol use in the United States, caused by alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy. Children with FAS display a variety of symptoms, many of which are life-long and permanent. Children who grow up in a home with a loved one dealing with alcohol addiction may be affected as well; they are likely to develop alcohol use disorders themselves. Growing up in a home where at least one parent has a severe alcohol use disorder can increase a childs chances of developing psychological and emotional problems. Challenges Faced by Children of Alcoholics

The Legislative Branch Of Government - 1585 Words

Legislative Control of Bureaucracy It is fair to say that the Constitution makes the legislative branch of government, also interchangeably referred to as Congress, the source or author of federal administration (Willoughby 1927; 1934). Establishing, empowering, structuring, staffing, and funding federal agencies all rest on the legislative branch. Article I, section 9, clause 7 is clear in that â€Å"No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law.† Article II, section 2, clause 2 demands that all federal positions not distinctively established by the Constitution â€Å"shall be established by the Law.† The objective of these provisions were composed to restrain presidential power. The president cannot constitutionally take any money from the Treasury in the absence of an appropriations statue; the president cannot create or legally empower a single administrative office without delegated legislative authority. The legislative branch of government has su bstantially enhanced it role in federal administration, relying solely on its constitutional powers. In theory, it’s the responsibility of Congress to oversee and maintain adequate control to assure that agency regulations and standards are consistent with legislative content. There’s several ways Congress achieve this task. Congress exercise more control by being more specific regarding what it expects from the agency. Congress also, put forth some form of veto or modification ofShow MoreRelatedThe Legislative Branch Is The Part Of The Government1496 Words   |  6 Pages The Legislative Branch is the part of the government that writes and votes on laws, but can also be referred to as legislation. It has other powers such as declaring war, confirming Presidential appointments, and checking for power. The government has three branches: legislative, executive and judicial branch. Each branch has its own powers and responsibilities, which are working with the other branches. They are allowed to check to make sure that one another does not have too much power, this isRead MoreThe United States Legislative Branch Of Government2081 Words   |  9 PagesThe United States legislative branch of government is best described as ‘bicameral’ meaning â€Å"of two houses† where two governing bodies separately but functionally unitedly oversee the law-making duties of the country. The two houses of the legislative branch are the Senate and the House of Representatives which both have distinct but crucial duties regarding key decisions affecting a nywhere from individual districts to the United States as a collective entity. Members of the House of RepresentativesRead MoreThe Legislative Branch of the Federal Government Essay2967 Words   |  12 PagesThe Legislative Branch of the Federal Government The Legislative Brach of the federal government is made up of two Chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate. These two bodies draft and pass laws that, if signed by the President of the United States, govern the United States and its citizens. The bicameral (two-house) Congress emerged from a compromise between delegates from large and small states at the Constitutional Convention, which convened in Philadelphia in 1787 to reviseRead MoreWhy The Legislative Branch Is Become The Most Powerful Branch Of Government Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pageson the principles that each branch of government contributes an equally important role in making our government function properly, and that each branch does not over power the other two. Over the course of centuries though, leading up until present day, one branch has risen to the top attributed to its vastly superior powers. In my opinion, I believe that the Legislative Branch has become the most powerful branch of government. When forming the United States government, the former British colonistsRead MoreWhat Two Chambers Make Up The Legislative Branch Of The U.s. Government?1537 Words   |  7 PagesWhat two chambers make up the legislative branch of the U.S. government? house if representatives and Senate Who is eligible to run for each chamber? (age and other qualifications) Senate: 30 years old, a citizen of the united states for atleast 9 years, at the time of election, be a resident of the states House of Representatives: 25 years old, a citizen of the united states for atleast 7 years, at the time of election, be a resident of the states How are they chosen? (who votes for them/) senatesRead MoreWho Really Has All the Power: The Executive, Legislative, or Judicial Branch of Government?926 Words   |  4 Pages our founding fathers objectives were to establish a federal government, and to outline an equal distribution of powers within our government.(Michelsen, 2010). It was implemented by creating three branches that had to coincide with each other to function. Each branch has its own powers, duties, and responsibilities that influence how the government works. Executive Branch, which pertains to executing the laws. The legislative, which creates the laws and the judicial which interprets the lawsRead MoreThe Constitution Essay1030 Words   |  5 Pagespreamble introduces the constitution. It states that the government comes from the people. Its general purposes are in order to form a more perfect union we have to â€Å"Establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.† (Remy, United States Government, McGraw Hill companies, Ohio, 2002) Its purpose is to make a good government and good laws, have peace in our homes, national securityRead MoreThe National Government Of The United States1445 Words   |  6 PagesThe National Government of the United States of America consists of three branches. These branches of government, which include the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch, separate the government s power into a form of checks and balances. The system of checks and balances has been set in place to allow the three branches to limit the power of the other branches, this way, no branch is more powerful than the others. Each of these three branches of government will be furtherRead Moregovernment gave too much power Essay634 Words   |  3 Pagesthe national government have been a popular topic amongst scholars for many years. The Virginia plan was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. There are many factors which influenced the development of the Virginia plan that gave too much power to the national government. The Virginia plan gave too much power to the national government by all the plansRead MoreThe Supreme Law Of The Land877 Words   |  4 PagesThe Executive Branch which carries out laws by the President of the United States, Vice President and Cabinet, whereas the Legislative Branch is where the Congress makes the laws. With each branch being able to change the acts of the other branches, this is only if a president vetoes a law that Congress has passed or if the Justice of Supreme Courts overturns an unconstitutional law and if Congress accepts (USA.gov). Even though the connection among Congress and the President of the United States

Philosophy of Teaching Essay - 1107 Words

Philosophy of Teaching Twelve years ago, I was not interested in becoming a teacher. I was content with my life. Then, I had two wonderful children. As they became school age, my opinion of teachers was immensely altered. I have spent countless hours within my children’s school, became personally connected to the wonderful individuals who were their teachers, and developed a respect for these tireless workers. These individuals have created a desire within me to enhance children’s lives and improve society through education. Children are life’s blessings. All children have the ability to learn. Just as all children are individuals, they also possess diverse individual learning styles. A successful teacher must have the necessary†¦show more content†¦This method includes stressing core classes such as reading, mathematics, science, social studies, and writing. This particular method was the foundation for most of my education. Teachers are represented as strong role models within essentialism. Having a positive role model is an essential portion of a child’s education and I will work diligently to provide this experience for my students. The third philosophy that I plan to utilize is social reconstructionism. Social reconstructionism was praised by many of the great educators in history such as: Plato, Augustine, Karl Marx, John Dewey, and many more. This particular philosophy encourages the educators to teach students to focus on finding solutions for the social issues that are a part of our society. Society is plagued with many social problems. Education is essential for future generations. As an educator, it is my responsibility to ensure my student’s possess strong problem solving skills. These skills will be beneficial to the students during the education process as well as in their roles within society. Finally, I have chosen progressivism. This method was developed by John Dewey, Ella Young, and Francis Parker. Progressivism is a very interactive form of education. Children are exposed to real world experiences and encouraged to develop questions and find answers or solutions for these experiences. I believe thatShow MoreRelatedPhilosophy And Philosophy Of Teaching999 Words   |  4 Pages Philosophy of Teaching Essay Assignment Mohsin Rasho Valparaiso University NUR 641 â€Å"I have neither given nor received, nor have I tolerated others use of unauthorized aid.† Mohsin Hussein Rasho Philosophy of Teaching Essay Assignment There are many students thinking about their future because they desire to be the great teacher or professor in the future. It is necessaryRead MorePhilosophy And Philosophy Of Teaching942 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Teaching By: Tambra Reynolds Every August, a group of second graders enter my classroom. I teach them how to read and write, tie their shoes, and by June, make sure they are prepared for third grade. In the middle of last school year, I received a new student. She was a beautiful, bubbly little girl. I soon learned she was terminally ill and one of her last wishes was to return to school. I was incredibly humbled her parents were entrusting their daughter into my care and sharingRead More Teaching Philosophy1032 Words   |  5 PagesTeaching Philosophy Cicero said, What noble employment is more valuable to the state than that of the man who instructs the rising generation? He was correct in saying this because the young people of today will become the world leaders of tomorrow. The educators that instruct these children are important to this society because they will help shape the lives of these young people. When deciding upon a philosophy of education, I was torn between two: Progressivism and EssentialismRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Teaching And Teaching817 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching is among the most intricate, eternal and beautiful professions and as a visionary and cultural leader I know that education transcends time and place, deriving much from both social, cultural context and individual style. I am committed to continuously improve my practices with the desire that my leading example instills in my students and colleagues the passion and enthusiasm for learning and teaching. I am a dedicated, resourceful educational professional who consistently take part inRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching Philosophy911 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching Philosophy When I think about my teaching philosophy, I think of a quote by Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek writer and philosopher. Kazantzakis states, â€Å"True teachers are those who use themselves as bridges over which they invite their students to cross; then, having facilitated their crossing, joyfully collapse, encouraging them to create their own.† In my classroom, I will provide an environment that shows I am a â€Å"true teacher.† Philosophy of Discipline I believe that children learn best andRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching For Teaching932 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I was learning about teaching in college classes my philosophy of education was different than when I actually started doing my student teaching. As soon as a teacher enters the classroom, it should be his/her second home. Teaching is a field of occupation where teacher needs have these two personality traits: patience and flexibility. Not all teachers are same thus each has their unique way of teaching students. My philosophy for teaching is very simple and fair. I would like to incorporateRead MoreLearning Philosophy And Teaching Philosophy765 Words   |  4 Pagesinstruction around the vocabulary that stems from those experiences is the foundation of my teaching philosophy. From daily exposure and continuous personal research I know that poverty means more than a lack of money; it means a lack of resources-financial, relational, neurological, social-emotional, experiential, and linguistic. It was from this list of necessary resources that I developed my teaching philosophy and the strategies to reinforce it. Currently, I collaboratively teach Pre-K with anotherRead MoreTeaching Philosophy : My Philosophy1100 Words   |  5 PagesTeaching Philosophy: Lauren Gross EDUC 120 Learn to Teach, Learn to Learn. / Use the past to teach the future ( That is my philosophy) Theory helps teachers think about what we experience and furthermore to teach and learn about how we, as educators, learn. Teachers should be supportive and cooperative, teachers should play the role of a friend, but also stealthily act in the role of advisor or guide for students. Teachers should live by existing educational theories, but also be able to createRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching Philosophy1145 Words   |  5 PagesMy teaching philosophy is to engage in a mutual exchange of knowledge with the students. I believe that through helping students to develop skills of critical reflection and critical thinking they will become able to carry out innovative research and also succeed in work beyond academia. Through interactive teaching methods such as group work, role play, and joint presentations I seek not only to encourage students to engage with me as an instructor, but also to exchange and discuss ideas with theirRead MoreMy Philosophy : Teaching Philosophy1071 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading Professor Varis teaching philosophy it is quite evident he takes great consideration for his students and their learning opportunities. As I reflect on and review my understanding and my learning philosophy I am given the chance to reflect on past classes and possibly what could have been different on my behalf and the professor’s behalf. Also at this time I relish the opportunity to contimplate what my values, principles, achievement skills and also my expectations for this class are

United States War On Drugs Essay - 1575 Words

Humanities Independent Research Essay Thompson Lin Block B 10-1 Research Question: To what extent has the United States’ â€Å"War on Drugs† been successful in reducing illicit drug abuse in the country? The â€Å"War on Drugs† is a term generally referred in America to the campaign aiming to reduce drug abuse in the country. The term first appeared in July 18 1971, when former U.S. President Richard Nixon started the campaign. However, on April 9, 2015, President Obama publicly announced that the policy has been counterproductive, and needs to be overhauled. Based on my research, I have concluded that the â€Å"War on Drugs† policy has been ineffective in its effort to reduce drug abuse in the country and President Obama has a good reason to transform the policy. Drug abuse was first noticed as a problem in America during the 1900’s but it really became America’s number one enemy during the Vietnamese war. Nixon realized American soldiers in Vietnam were using marijuana not only for medical purposes, but also to relieve their stress. This caused the soldiers to not be as sharp or focused in battles. As a result, this became a catalyst for Nixon to implement a nationwide ban on all Class A drugs and a few of the Class B drugs. While banning the drugs, the government also banned certain chemicals used to make the drugs. During the 1970’s when the â€Å"War on Drug† initiative first began, the immediate effects were amazing. The incarnation rate for drug abuse dropped by 48%. But then,Show MoreRelatedThe War On Drugs And The United States956 Words   |  4 PagesThe War on Drugs has become an epidemic today that has afflicted in the United States and the United Nations; both are influenced by international drug laws which preserve the criminal justice system. These new laws promote an ineffective policies on the war on drugs. Therefore, communities are locked while the promotion of illicit drugs become the dominate framework to organized crimes. Today, the war on drugs continues to be an ongoing battle within our society. This paper will examine these issuesRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1506 Words   |  7 Pages When, in 1971, Richard Nixon infamously declared a â€Å"war on drugs† it would have been nearly impossible for him to predict the collective sense of disapprobation which would come to accompany the now ubiquitous term. It would have been difficult for him to predict that the drug war would become a hot topic, a highly contentious and polarizing point of debate and, it would have difficult for him to predict that the United States would eventually become the prison capital of the world, incarceratingRead MoreDrug Wars : The United States1643 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Wars. When people hear the term â€Å"Drug Wars† they think that the cause of all the Drugs and Violence flowing through into the United States, is all Mexico’s fault, that Mexico is the cause of so many deaths and a War that the United States thinks it’s â€Å"Winning†, but they are not even making a little dent. Interestingly enough, Mexico is not the only cause of this War going o n around the Border, The United States plays a big role around the Drug Wars as well. THE TIES THE U.S. HAS WITH MEXICANRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe War on Drugs has been an ongoing effect ever since the Civil War introduced the drug morphine to the world. In the years since people have been coming up with drugs more lethal than morphine such as cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and so on and so forth. The War on Drugs is dangerous and leads to many deaths throughout the years. America has set up agencies such as the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and other drug task force teams throughout the United States. Even though we may not be ableRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1063 Words   |  5 PagesThe War on Drugs has become an epidemic today afflicting United States and the United Nations; which are swayed by global drug laws which preserve the criminal justice system. These new laws promote an ineffective policy on the war on drug. Therefore, communities are locked while the promotion of illicit drugs bec omes the dominate framework to organized crimes. Today, the war on drugs continues to be an ongoing battle within our society. This paper will examine these issues focusing primarily onRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1063 Words   |  5 PagesThe War on Drugs has become an epidemic today afflicting United States and the United Nations; which are swayed by global drug laws which preserve the criminal justice system. These new laws promote an ineffective policies on the war on drug. Therefore, communities are locked while the promotion of illicit drugs becomes the dominate framework to organized crimes. Today, the war on drugs continues to be an ongoing battle within our society. This paper will examine these issues focusing primarily onRead MoreThe Drug War Of The United States1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe drug war in the U.S. has been waged on civil fronts for over four decades and has not only proven to be not only futile but at times even more damaging to society than the drugs themselves. The once virtuous intent of this ‘war’ has been corrupted by police unions and dirty politicians who have turned it into a carefully crafted system of capitalistic enterprise, designed push their political agenda by perpetuating the myth that drugs are the primary threat to our nation. Zero tolerance lawsRead MoreThe United State War On Drugs1005 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States government has been wasting millions of dollars each year on a worthless war that cannot be won. This war is explained in detail by author Art Caden in their essay â€Å"Let’s Be Blunt† about the United State war on drugs. The war on drugs began in 1971 under the order of President Richard Nixon, and it was one of the worst decisions he ever made. It has been nothing but a waste of government funding, time, and manpower that can only be described as a dismal failure and should be repealedRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States871 Words    |  4 Pages In the United States crime rates have been on a decline for years, but the United States still has the largest number of people incarcerated in the world. The â€Å"war on drugs† as well as policy’s by the government to be â€Å"tough on crime† has lead to the uprising of corporate prisons, which are known as for-profit prisons, and private prisons. Private prisons have also lead to States, and federal prisons to become worse when it comes to programs to rehabilitate those who are incarcerated, so thatRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States Essay2046 Words   |  9 PagesFor many years, drugs have been the center of crime and the criminal justice system in the United States. Due to this widespread epidemic, President Richard Nixon declared the â€Å"War on Drugs† in 1971 with a campaign that promoted the prohibition of illicit substances and implemented policies to discourage the overall production, distribution, and consumption. T he War on Drugs and the U.S. drug policy has experienced the most significant and complex challenges between criminal law and the values of

Head, Head and More Head free essay sample

Baker Bunkum 8/2013 Engle. 205 Head, Head, and More Head: Personal analysis on Cornel West: Black Sexuality: The Taboo subject (1993) Head, head, and more head as Brother Luke would say. It seems to me that we African Americans, excuse me, Black Africans have lost our sense of culture and ideology behind what we believe to be our sexual nature. In return we have embodied the European and early ignorant southern racist definition of sexuality. Which has led us to being stereotyped as Hyperplasia and in lack of better words Freaky. I uses this lyric snippet to breakdown and illustrate my opinion on what rooter West was saying in his masterpiece; Black Sexuality: The Taboo Subject (1993). Brother West articulates his thesis on page one where he profoundly says My thesis is that black sexuality is a taboo subject in white and black America and that a candid dialogue about black sexuality between and within these communities is requisite for healthy race relations in America. We will write a custom essay sample on Head, Head and More Head or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Going off the notion that Brother Wests thesis is right and exact then this for both communities is highly problematic. What I believe White America has yet to accept as a reality is that by not accepting Black History then you are only telling a portion, a small portion at that, of American History. I believe that White America fails to see that Black History and American History is one of the same, sort of like Joy and pain. The two dichotomies could be used to explain the two different histories. This way of thinking plays as a major dynamic within both communities and effects the communication and the sense of truth as well as affects the inhabitants of both communities minds, souls, and bodies with this strategic systematic corrupted Jargon that our nations fore fathers built this actions foundation with. This demythologize of black sexuality is crucial for black America because much of black self-hatred and self-contempt has to do with the refusal of many black Americans to love their own black bodies especially their black noses, hips, lips, and hair. Just as many white Americans view black sexuality with disgust, so do many black Americans. Brother Cornell hit the nail on the head with his candid statement right there. Freeing our culture from all myths of our communities sexual nature would be proactive instead of buying into the ambiguous myths that most Americans detain as the truth. This includes our own people, us Black Africans cans sometimes be as bad if not worse than the oppressor which makes their Jobs Just that more elementary. When I say we embody the European and early ignorant southern racist idea of our sexual nature I mean that by us making songs like head, head and more head, Sacras Body Party, or Wales Bounce it. Or indulging in lyrics that are overeducated in hyperplasia Jargon will only continue this wicked cipher which is counter pr deductive tort n tot this soon to be expended nation.

Neoclassical poetry vs romantic poetry Essay Example

Neoclassical poetry vs romantic poetry Paper Age of Reason/the enlightenment 1660-1770 Reason good Passion bad Neoclassical Neoclassical Nature is defined as human nature Neoclassical Tradition is good and honored Neoclassical Society is more important than the individual Neoclassical Urban is the setting for most literature Neoclassical Intellect, reason seen as key to good Neoclassical Public is the focus Neoclassical Logical, stable, solid Neoclassical Aristocratic Neoclassical Cultivated, formal, social Neoclassical Conformist Neoclassical Constraint Neoclassical Formal diction Romanticism 1792-1840 Romantic Passion good reason bad Romantic Nature is woods, trees, oceans Romantic Experiment good tradition bad Romantic Individual is more important than society Romantic Rural is setting for most literature Romantic Imagination and emotion Romantic Private, subjective becomes the focus Romantic Mysterious, supernatural, bizarre Romantic The common people Romantic Primitive is focus Romantic Independent, rebellious spirit Romantic Spontaneity becomes the norm Romantic Natural diction, slang, dialects Epigram Neoclassical Formal essay Neoclassical History book Neoclassical Rhyming couplet Neoclassical Discipline and law Neoclassical Oligarchy Neoclassical Conservatives and tradition Neoclassical Conservatives Neoclassical Even tempered and reserved Neoclassical Formal portraits Neoclassical Stately houses Neoclassical Versailles gardens Neoclassical Zoos Neoclassical Neoclassical Reality is absolute Authority Neoclassical Distance and external structure Neoclassical Planned and deliberate form Neoclassical Lyrical poem Romantic Mythological story Romantic Ode Romantic Supernatural tale Romantic Democracy, freedom, liberty Romantic Revolution Romantic Liberals Romantic Melancholic Romantic Outspoken Romantic Jungles Romantic Landscapes Romantic Rock gardens Romantic Wild outdoors Romantic Romantic The self determines reality Romantic Individual man Romantic Closeness and inner structure Spontaneous content Romantic Neoclassical Learn through studying the ancients Neoclassical Emphasis on light, the past, knowledge, proper form of beauty Neoclassical Stylized language Neoclassical Status quo Romantic Emotions lead to insight and understanding Romantic Learn through experience and contemplation Romantic Worship of night, emphasis of medieval, the unknown, beauty undefined Romantic Language of real men Romantic Political and rebellious reform Romantic Reference for self

Critically Review The Performannce Of Organisations And Partnerships Tourism Essays

Critically Review The Performannce Of Organisations And Partnerships Tourism Essays Critically Review The Performannce Of Organisations And Partnerships Tourism Essay Critically Review The Performannce Of Organisations And Partnerships Tourism Essay In this eassy, I will knock the construct of sustainable touristry development can be implement in a finish and I will utilize a instance survey in Hong Kong to look into how the Hong Kong authorities clarifies the construct of sustainable development. Furthermore, to look into how the Hong Kong authorities implements that concept to the public and private sectors and to analyze the cooperations for these two parties. Finally, to see all the jobs involve the execution and the impacts for and from those stakeholders even to warrant the sustainble development in Hong Kong is success or non. The construct of sustainable was non an advanced term ; sinces 1970[ 1 ]sustainable will concentrate on the balances of economic and with enviornmental support. In 1987[ 2 ], the United Nation has defined that the construct of sustainable were concerns about the developments can fit with the current demands without delicate or over focus the future genernation demands. In 2004[ 3 ], World Tourism ad ministration has defined that sustainable development were demands to equilibrate the economic, social-cultural and environtment these three dimenisons, WTO has clarifies three points in ths definitions, optimum usage of environmental resouces, repect the social-cultural and the host community, and careful the long term altering jobs and equilibrate the struggles and benefits between all of the stakeholders. Therefore, in different times the definions of sustainable will more complex. In the undermentioned content will analyze How Hong Kong authorities to place the construct of sustainable development, How they implement the construct, what are the issues and impact of the implement procedure, How public and private sectors cooperate. Hong Kong as a particular administrative regionsA of theA People s Republic of China, taking international fiscal Centres, with a majorA capitalistA service economic system characterised by low revenue enhancement, free trade and minimal authorities intercession under the ethos ofA positive non-interventionism[ 4 ]. Here were two administrations helping the Hong Kong touristry industry, the Hong Kong touristry board and Toursim committee. Hong Kong Toursim board[ 5 ]was to market and advance Hong Kong, and to heighten the tourer experience. Tourism committee[ 6 ]was managing enhance the touristry installations and back up all the touristry developments.A The major strengths of Hong Kong are near the mainland China which mean the cooperation and interdependent relationship are high, the cross-cultural features because Hong Kong a settlement of theA British Empire most of the people can talk in English which tourer can easy to pass on to local occupants. But the major failings of Hong Kong are no cultural which mean Hong Kong was lost the individuality, overcrowding and the air pollution are besides the of import jobs which affect the toursit did nt wish Hong Kong. In 1997, the Hong Kong Tourist Association in coaction with the Industry Department commissioned the Hong Kong Productivity Council to plan an Environmentally Sustainable Development Strategy ( ESDS ) for Hong Kong s travel and touristry industry[ 7 ]. This was a quite focal point undertaking to implement the sustainable touristry, the objectivies are concerns the changing and impacts of the touristry and travel industry, and to equilibrate the societal, enviornmental, economic quality and the local demands. The undertaking focal point on four countries, Environmental Management which agencies enhance the environmental quuality and promote industries take action for this issue. Sustainable Training, Education and Public Awareness, which means to edcuate all the industries members and to supply necessary techniques to them to execute the undertaking. Facilitating Exchange of Information, Skills and Technology Related to sustainable Travel and Tourism Development, which mean to pass on with the industries memebers, staffs, clients and local commuities.Landuse Planning and New Tourism Product Development, which means concern about the equal use of the land and conserving the local environment and civilization. Morover, this undertaking were include the Association of Better Business A ; Tourism, Board of Airline Representatives, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong Catering Industry Association, Hong Kong Hotels Association ; Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Tourist Board, Planning A ; Lands Bureau, Public Omnibus Operators Association, Tourism Commission, Travel Industry Council of Hong Kong. For the holistic sustain touristry developmet, Harmonizing to the study of sustainable development for the twenty-first century[ 8 ], the general perceptual experiences of the populaces of sustabinable development were balance the economic and the quality of live for the local community, the constructs should non merely concentrate on enonomic dimension it need to affect the environmental and societal facets. Many consultees sugguest that ; on behalf the chief organic structure of the Hong Kong society, the Hong Kong authorities should use the construct of sustable development in statute law. Furthermore, the study has generated about eight countries involve the sustaniable development, follow by Economy, Health, natual resources, Social Infrastructure, Biodiversity, Cultural Vibrancy, Environment Quality, Moblity. For the encoomic point of positions, most of the local people thought that Hong kong as a stable economic metropolis and contain sweetening of the labour force, a strong base of little and average endeavor. Tourism was an of import portion of the Hong Kong economic system but it will happen a batch of impacts, the demands of balance the societal, enviornmental, and economic facets were indispensable. On the Health point of positions, the hygiene criterion was low is the of import job of Hong Kong. Guaranting that Hong Kong s H2O and nutrient supplies, whether locally produced or imported, were free of pollution and disease was seen as a major concerns. Natural resouces were concerns about the overcrowding, deficiency of life infinite, and the quality of land. Most of the local occupants stressed from overcrowding, land utilizing demand to supervise and contorl by the authorities. The polluter wages construct should necessitate to implement. Social substructure was focus on the moral and ethical criterion in Hong Kong. Education can be use to educate the sustainable constructs to the communities. Biodiversity attention about to forestall and protected local ecoliogical system, it needs to mininize and aviod the harm for the ecological system in Hong Kong. Cultural Vibrancy considerd to protect and forestall the recreational, cultural, archeological, historical and architectural assets. Environmental Quality concerned the air, H2O, noise pollution were the cardinal jobs impacting the local occupant wellness Moboility wage attending to the public transit in Hk. Public conveyance can make an entree from one manner to another and it will bring forth a batch of pollutions. Therefore, the cycling line and pathway will go more of import to cut down the local occupant use the public transpor.t Furthermore, the study issued a reseach to see the general populaces understanding for the construct sustainable development. However, the consequence showed that general populaces non truly understand the construct of sustainable developmemt. Over 90 % respondents didnt knew the construct of sustainable developnet, but have 46 % knew that sustainable constructs need to concern the enviornmental, societal, and economic facets. About 70 % respondents take the economic system was the first precedence for the hereafter development of Hong Kong. Although the planning section implement the 2nd phase audience exercising and redefined the construct of development ; Sustainable Development in Hong Kong balances societal, economic, environmental andA resourceA demands, both for nowadays and future coevalss, at the same time accomplishing a vivacious economic system, societal advancement and aA high qualityA environment, locally, nationally and internationally, through the attempts of the comm unity and the Government[ 9 ]. However, the eight countries still non hold any redefined the contents still are the same with the yesteryear and because of the struggles between those stakeholders, the confuse of the construct of sustantainable development, the range and graduated table were excessively big, and the state of affairs were continue altering. Therefore, the authoritiess still non hold any execution for that construct. The undertaking were affect the touristry industy members or non touristry industies members, non authorities orgnisations, Professional Institutions, Universities, Tertiary Institutes and Teacher Associations. At the consequence, for the execution of the construct of sustainable toursim development in Hong Kong was non success. Here is one major ground ; this is the ambiguity of the construct of sustanable development. Accoding to Bulter ( 1999 )[ 10 ], the current job of sustainable development was hard to specify for different interest holders. Because different sectors will hold different perceptual experiences of the construct of sustainable development, different sectors will hold different demands for their ain positions such as industries want to acquire more money, they will desire more tourers come to Hong Kong, they will non care about the negative impacts of it but the local communities will acquire crowd and annoy for the addition figure of tourer, they will acquire unhappy. Therefore, for the little or holistic sustainable touristry development, it s really hard to equilibrate different stakeholder demands and wants. Mention to the study for be aftering deparment, the decision showed that the construct of sustainable toursim development was still reasoning. Therefore, for the ground of confuse the construct of sustainable development, the range and graduated table are hard to sort and idenfiy. The Hong Kong authoritiess still have non thoughts of what are the countries need to prolong or necessitate to prolong foremost, what is the better execution, holistic or little undertaking? What are being proctor and step? What are the cardinal stakeholders should be involved? Morover, the touristry policies ca nt be implement, when puting the policy, it needs to cognize what the cardinal things are traveling to contorl or restrict, what are the standards for the penalities and exclusions? However, the argue are still continue, there are merely small actions for the public and private sectors such as cut down the wastage, cut down the discharge for toxic substances, recycle the wastage. To sum up this eassy, the construct of sustainable touristry development has been discussed and the execution of this construct in Hong Kong has been criticized and eaxmined. There are some of import jobs can be find out, the construct of sustainable touristry developmetn still confounding, the general public consciousness and cognition of sustainable touristry development are low, sustainable touristry development will go more and more complex and troubles of this construct will go higher. Therefore, when Hong Kong govrnment want to implement the cocept of sustainable touristry development, it needs to get down at the little graduated table foremost such as implement in Mui Wo. Because when the graduated tables become little, the jobs and impacts will little excessively. The whole undertaking can more concentrate beacause there are merely litte stakeholders involve such as the local occupant in Mui Wo, the industries members, authorities, and local cmmunity groups.When seeking to eq uilibrate the struggles between those stakeholders, it will go more easy because the demands are low. The policy implement will travel easy because the contorl and restriction are litte. Therefore, the whole procedure will travel more smooth but little scale implement can merely in short term, for long term aspects the holistic implement is indispensable. However, it needs to refer the timing, the advancement, the impacts and altering, budget, stakeholder satisfactions and their sentiments for thefuture holistic execution. Remember that, all of the planning or development should be on traveling which mean can prolong. Therefore, for farther execution of the construct of sustanable development, it needs to refer both public and private sectors, societal, economic and cultural benefits for host communities commensurate, guaranting the supply of quality touristry merchandises and avoiding or cut downing negative impacts upon the natural and socio-cultural environments. Bibliography: Ritchie, J.R.B and Crouch, G.I. ( 2003 ) The compertitive Finish: A sustainable Tourism Perspective, Oxon: CABI. Howie F. ( 2003 ) Pull offing the Tourist destintion ; London: Thomson. Ritchie, J.R.B. and Crouch, G.I. ( 2003 ) The competitory Finish: A sustanable Tourism Perspective, Ozon: CABI. Stabler, M J. ( 1997 ) Tourism and Sustainaility: Principles to Practice, Oxford: CAB international.

Design entrepreneurship-business innovation Essay

Design entrepreneurship-business innovation - Essay Example In short chaos ruled and the area of greater concern was the bad atmosphere that was developing among the group members. It was necessary that leadership emerge in the group to pull the group out of the morass that it was falling into, in keeping with Max Depree’s differentiation between management and leadership in his book, Leadership is an Art â€Å"that management is essentially a push operation while leadership is a pull operation†. Yet, as leadership emerged it would need to display the four essential dimensions of vision, reality, ethics and courage to be successful, as suggested by philosopher Peter Koestenbaum. (Ind, N. 2001). As I sit back and reflect on the manner in which I contributed to the group during my tenure of leadership I feel that I did in some way display the four essential characteristics of leadership. I had the vision to see that in the manner that we were going about, we would not complete the journal that we were supposed to do. I had accepted the reality that I was a member of a group, each with talents and individual abilities that only needed to be harnessed. There was no discrimination in my acceptance of the individuals that made up the group and their views. I did display courage in standing firmly by the group activities that I had planned despite the slight objections that arose. Reflecting again on my performance as a leader of the group there were two activities that provide me with the impression that I am more of a transformational leader than any other form of leader. The first was the brain storming session that I implemented to cause the group to focus on the job at hand and make individual contributions that could be used by the group, thus bringing about mutual satisfaction. The second aspect was the ability to set a framework of ground rules for the group and the acceptance of these ground rules by the group. This meant that I

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Report - Essay Example This individual opens up a hot dog stand. The person makes $250 a week clean from his hot dog stand operation. The person gave up a job where he was making $400 net a weekly. This means that the individual is incurring in an opportunity costs loss of $150. Opportunity costs can be defined as what a person is given up to perform a particular action (Varian, 2003). The opportunity costs of working on Sunday to gain a little overtime is the leisure family time the person could have enjoyed in his day off. The law of demand states, all factors being equal, that if the price of a good or services increases the overall consumer demand for that good or service will decrease (Investopedia, 2009). A consumer product that is very popular in households is Kellogg’s Frosted Flakes. If several generic brands of corn flakes left the marketplace the supply curve for Kellogg’s would shift to the right. Another way the demand curve would shift is through positive marketing news. If this product won an award for the best cereal in 2008 the demand of the product would shift to the right. A different product we could analyze is GM cars. The supply curve of GM cars would shift to the left if several manufacturing plants close down. Another way it would shift to the left is if the prices of Japanese imports decrease. The demand of the housing market in the United Kingdom could shift to the left or the right if there are changes in factors that influence the marketplace. There are several factors that could change the UK ownership housing market demand. If the population in the UK changed this variable would affect the demand. An increase in the population would raise the demand. Another factor that could affect the buying of home in the UK is if the price of rental homes changes. A decrease in the price of rental would make the option of buying a home less attractive and would decrease the demand. A third factor that could affect the demand for

Quantification of Venlafaxine in Tablet Dosage Form

Quantification of Venlafaxine in Tablet Dosage Form New chiral normal phase UFLC method for determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations ABSTRACT Aim: A simple, specific, precise, sensitive and rapid normal phase-UFLC method was developed for determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulation. Methodology: The method was developed on a Lux amylase 2 column (150 x 4.0 mm I.D., particle size 5 ÃŽ ¼); the mobile phase was n-hexane and ethanol (97:3 v/v); in 0.1%diethyamine using UV detector was fixed at 254 nm with a flow rate was 1 mL/min. Results: The retention time (tR) of R- venlafaxine hydrochloride and S- venlafaxine hydrochloride were found to be 4.5 ±0.2 min and 5.3 ±0.3 min, respectively. The linearity over the concentration range of 5-30  µg mL-1 for venlafaxine. The intra-day and inter-day coefficient of variation of the assay method were found to be 0.293 to 1.760 and 0.319 to 0.210 respectively, with high accuracy and precision results. The proposed NP-UFLC method is suitable for analysis of venlafaxine hydrochloride enantiomers in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Conclusion: The validated NP-UFLC method was developed for the quantification of venlafaxine in tablet dosage form. Keywords: R-venlafaxine hydrochloride, S-venlafaxine hydrochloride, enantiomers, NP-UFLC, Validation INTRODUCTION Venlafaxine is a second-generation antidepressant drug marketed as a racemic mixture (Figure 1). The R-enantiomer exhibits dual presynaptic inhibition of serotonin and noradrenaline uptake, whereas the S-enantiomer is a serotonine reuptake inhibitor. Thus, the drug is the first and most commonly used serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Its synthesis and that of several analogues were described many years ago. The synthetic routes are similar and vary according to the nature of the aromatic substituents. However, the final products are racemic mixtures, and they were crystallized as hydrochlorides.[1] Although the disposition of venlafaxine in humans was originally found not to be stereoselective.[2] In view of the near expiration date (June 2008) of the first patent for the racemic compound and of these recent clinical findings, venlafaxine appears to be a good candidate for a chiral switch.[3-4] Figure 1: Molecular structure of Venlafaxine The trend toward single enantiomer drugs is clear and the number of racemic drugs that reach the market as new chemical entities is decreasing.[5] The relevance of chirality in antidepressant drugs was highlighted several years ago and many examples are illustrated in a recent very complete review.[6-7] In the previously cited research on the resolution of venlafaxine, the enantiomers were separated by either of two general approaches. The first is the classical method of diastereoisomeric salt formation and fractional crystallization and the second approach uses analytical enantioselective electro driven methods. In the latter cases, either cyclodextrinsin capillary electrophoresis.[8] There is only one literature report where an HPLC baseline separation of the enantiomers of venlafaxine extracted was achieved using a CSP and normalphase mode.[9] From an analytical point of view, enantioselective chromatography offers the advantages of a method that can be developed on a semiprepara tive or preparative scale for the isolation of single enantiomers, which then become available for pharmaceutical testing strategies and requirements for enantioselective.[10] In the present research work, a simple, sensitive and accurate normal phase UFLC method to separate R and S-enantiomer of venlafaxine in bulk drugs and tablets using Lux amylase 2 column column has been reported for first time. The method was also validated to ensure the compliance in accordance with the ICH guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemicals and Reagents: Venlafaxine hydrochloride enantiomers were a gift sample from R N FINE CHEMICALS BANGALURU, India. The solvents like n-hexane and ethanol diethylamine used was of HPLC grade (Merck, India). Commercially available racemic venlafaxine hydrochloride tablets claimed to contain 25mg of drug were procured from local market. Instrumentation: Quantitative NP-UFLC was performed on gradient high pressure liquid chromatography (Shimadzu) auto sampler consisting of a LC–20HT solvent module, SPD– 10A, and an PDA detector with LC software. The column used was LUX amylase 2 chiral column(150 x 4.0 mm ) particle size 5 ÃŽ ¼. UFLC conditions: The composition of the mobile phase was n-hexane and ethanol in the ratio of 97:03 v/v. They were filtered before use through a 0.2 mm membrane filter, degassed in a bath sonicator for 10 min. The mobile phase was pumped from the solvent reservoir to the column at a flow rate of 1mL/min, which yielded a column backpressure of 96 kg/cm2. The run time was set at 20 min and column temperature was ambient. The volume of injection loop was 20 mL. prior to injection of drug solutions, the column was equilibrated for at least 30 min with the mobile phase flowing through the system. The eluents were monitored at 254 nm and data was acquired, stored and analyzed with the LC 10 software. REAGENTS USED Mobile phase n-hexane and ethanol of HPLC grade was taken as mobile phase in the ratio of 97:3 % (v/v). Preparation of standard stock solution Standard stock solution (100  µg mL-1) of Venlafaxine hydrochloride was prepared by weighing exactly 10 mg of drug dissolved in isopropanol and diluted to 100 mL with same solvent. Preparation of calibration curve Aliquots of Venlafaxine hydrochloride ranging from 0.5-3 mL (each mL contains 100  µg mL-1) were pipetted into as a series of 10mL volumetric flasks. The volume was made up to the mark at with isopropanol. Aliquoets of 10 µL was injected (six time) into HPLC. The elution of the drug measured at 254.0 nm. The amount of venlafaxine hydrochloride present in the sample solution was computed from its calibration curve and it was constructed by plotting peak area of chromatogram against the concentration of Venlafaxine hydrochloride. The blank chromatogram and standard drug chromatogram were shown in figure 2 and 3 respectively. Linearity was 5.0-30  µg mL-1 for Venlafaxine hydrochloride was shown in figure 4. Figure 2: Blank chromatogram Figure 3: Standard Chromatogram of venlafaxine enantiomer Figure 4: Calibration curve of venlafaxine hydrochloride ANALYSIS OF TABLET DOSAGE FORM Five tablets (EFFEROX), each containing 25 mg of venlafaxine hydrochloride were weighed and finely powdered. Powder equivalent to 125 mg of venlafaxine hydrochloride was weighed and transferred to a standard volumetric flask. The contents were mixed thoroughly and filtered through a 0.45 ÃŽ ¼m membrane filter. 10 ÃŽ ¼L of the sample was injected in to UFLC system for the analysis. The peak profile and peak purity of both enantiomers are shown in Fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8. Figure 5: Peak Profile Enantiomer 1 Figure 6: Peak Profile Enantiomer 2 Figure 7: Peak Purity Enantiomer 1 Figure 8: Peak Purity Enantiomer 2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Validation of the method The developed method for the assay of venlafaxine has been validated as per the current ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines.[11] Analytical parameters The development of NP-UFLC method for the determination of enantiomers has received a considerable attention in recent past because of its importance in the quality control of drugs and drug products. The assay of venlafaxine hydrochloride enantiomers was resolved with good accuracy. The retention time (tR) of R- venlafaxine hydrochloride and S- venlafaxine hydrochloride were found to be 4.5 ±0.2 min and 5.3 ±0.3 min, respectively. A typical chromatogram of R-Venlafaxine hydrochloride and S- venlafaxine hydrochloride is shown in Figure 3. Tailing factor for both R-venlafaxine hydrochloride and S-venlafaxine hydrochloride was found to be 1.1 and 0.8 respectively. The calibration curve was constructed by plotting the peak areas against the concentration of R-and S-venlafaxine hydrochloride in 5-30  µg mL-1 were shown in the Figure 4. It was found to be linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9971 for R-venlafaxine hydrochloride and 0.9992 for S-venlafaxine hydrochloride, the r epresentative linear regression equation being y = 10507X +2467.1 and y = 10654X +2065.8 for both the enantiomers respectively. The slope, y-intercept, and their standard deviations evaluated are presented in Table 1. Table 1: Regression and sensitivity parameters of enantiomer-1 and enantiomer-2 Accuracy and precision The amount of venlafaxine hydrochloride enantiomers in the matrix was calculated using following formula. % Recovery = T-A /SÃâ€"100 T–total amount of drug estimated, A-initial amount of drug in the tablet powder and S- amount of pure drug added. The results revealed (Table 2), high recovery of Venlafaxine hydrochloride enantiomers, indicating that the proposed method for the determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride enantiomers in the tablet is highly accurate. The intraday and inter day percentage relative standard deviation values were shown in Table 3. These values were within the standard limits. Table 2: Accuracy data of enantiomer-1 and enantiomer-2 Mean value of six determinations Table 3: Precision data of enantiomer-1 and enantiomer-2 Limit of detection and limit of quantification Limit of detection can be calculated using the following equation according to ICH guidelines: LOD = 3.3 x N/S LOQ = 10 x N/S where N is the standard deviation of peak areas of the drug and S is the slope of the corresponding calibration curve. The results are shown in Table 1. Assay of the drug The chiral NP-HPLC method developed in the present investigation was used to quantify venlafaxine hydrochloride enantiomers in tablet dosage forms. The obtained results are given in Tables 4. The average drug content was found to be 10.047 mg for R-venlafaxine hydrochloride and 9.978 mg for S-venlafaxine hydrochloride of the labelled amount in 25mg of racemic venlafaxine hydrochloride, respectively. Table 4: Assay of Venlafaxine Robustness of the method and stability of the solution The robustness of an analytical procedure has been defined by the ICH as a â€Å"measure of its capacity to remain unaffected by small, but deliberate variations in method parameters. The most important aspect of robustness is to develop methods that develop methods that allow for expected variations in method parameters. According to ICH guidelines, robustness should be considered early in the development stage of a method. The typical variations studied under this parameter are flow rate, wavelength and mobile phase composition. The results are tabulated in Table 5. Table 5: Robustness data of enantiomer-1 and enantiomer-2 CONCLUSION A simple, rapid and normal phase chiral UFLC method has been developed and validated for the enantiomeric separation of venlafaxine in tablet formulation. This method is precise, accurate, robust, and specific. Satisfactory results were obtained from the validation of the method. The short retention time (4.5 min for enantiomer 1 and 5.3 for enantiomer 2) obtained provides rapid determination of venlafaxine, which is significant for its routine analysis in quality control. The method exhibits an excellent performance in terms of sensitivity and robust. The experimental results of the present study showed that the proposed NP-UFLC method is simple, specific, precise, sensitive, rapid and accurate and is useful for separation of venlafaxine hydrochloride enantiomers in its pharmaceutical formulation. References Yardley JP, Husbands GE, Stack G, Butch J, Bicksler J, Moyer JA, Muth EA, Andree T, Fletcher H, James MNG, Sielecki AR 2-Phenyl- 2-(1-hydroxycycloalkyl)ethylamine derivatives: synthesis and antidepressant activity. J Med Chem 1990;33:2899–2905. Wang CP, Howell SR, Scatina J, Sisenwine SF, The disposition of venlafaxine enantiomers in dogs, rats and humans receiving venlafaxine. Chirality 1992;4:84–90. Ault A Big pharma is increasingly in getting a piece of the generic pie. The Scientist, 2005;19:36–38. Agranat I, Caner H, Caldwell J Putting chirality to work: the strategy of chiral switches. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2002;1:753–768. Arina V, Reeves JT, Senanayake CH, Song JJ, Asymmetric synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Chem Rev 2006;106 : 2734–2793. Ruffolo RR Chirality in ÃŽ ± and ÃŽ ²-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists. Tetrahedron 1991;47:9953–9980. Hutt AJ. Drug chirality and its pharmacological consequences. In Smith HJ, editor. Introduction to the principles of drug design and action, 4th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006. Pg no: 117–183. Fanali S, Cotichini V, Porra` R Analysis of venlafaxine by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Capillary Electrophor 1997;4:21–26. Caccamese S, Biance S, Carter GT, Direct high performance liquid chromatography separation and 11 analogues using amylose derivated stationary phase, Chirality 2009; 21: 569-577. Anderson S. Preparative chiral chromatography. A powerful and efficient tool in drug discovery. In: Subramanian G, editor. Chiral separation techniques, 3rd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2007. Pgno: 585–600. 1

Decrease Of Teen Pregnancy Rate :: essays research papers

The overall teen birth rate has declined by 16 percent from 1991 to 1997. â€Å"All states are recording a decline and it is the sixth year in a row that the teen birth rate has declined,† stated Donna Shalala, HHS secretary of U. S. Newswire. Although the birthrate among teens is decreasing and the percentage of teenagers who have had sexual intercourse is declining, it is a multi-fauceted problem affecting today’s youth. The government is taking in to consideration all possibilities and conditions with teen births to make an affective way to prevent it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teenage pregnancy is a condition that can be controlled in many instances. Congress’ campaign is â€Å"To reduce the teenage pregnancy by supporting values and stimulating actions that are consistent with a pregnancy-free adolescence,† stated the Speaker pro tempore Mr. Taylor of North Carolina. Congress’ goal is to balance the budget and reduce spending in the area of Medicaid funds, food stamps, and AFDC funds that are especially hard-hit by the teenage pregnancy problem. Reducing teenage childbearing through this campaign is likely to require more than eliminating or manipulating welfare programs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A form of prevention funded by the Department of Public Health in Massachusetts is The Challenge Fund. It is a community-based approach to teen pregnancy prevention. These coalitions unite youth, family, and community in order to create and increase opportunities for youth development and leadership. It also increases awareness of ownership of the risks, costs and problems of teen pregnancy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Federal Government has invested millions of dollars into an abstinence education program for young adults that provide ways for them to avoid sexual activity at such a young age. The program teaches teens the importance of sustaining from sexual activity before marriage and the importance of a monogamous relationship in a marriage. It also teaches them the harmful effects psychologically and physically, of sexual activity at a young age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Studies show a trend toward sexual abstinence and improved use of condoms as possible reasons for sudden change in the pregnancy rate decreasing. Other studies also show that teen abortions are steadily declining as well, ruling out abortion as a factor in the falling national teen birth rate. â€Å"The government cannot calculate an overall teen pregnancy rate, which includes live births and abortions, because ten states keep no figures on abortions,† stated Stephanie Ventura, a statistician with CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics.

Introduction To Ethics Essay

Ethics is the study of the nature of moral virtues and evaluates human actions. Ethics come from agreements between people, duty considerations and considerations of the consequences of various actions we involve ourselves into. Philosophical ethics is the study of morality through rational means guided in human well-being. The three subsections of philosophical ethics are; normative ethics-is the study of moral standards that makes us judge our actions as wring or wrong or good from bad. Meta-ethics – is concerned with the meaning of ethical judgments that is responsible for the truth and validity of our actions. Meta-ethics assists us determine whether an opinion can be applied to any situation at present or in future. It asks questions such as; what’s the meaning of ethical terms such as good and right, the motives for acting ethically, the nature of moral reason. Applied Ethics – is the application of moral philosophy to real-life situations that have been investigated in normative ethics and judged on the lessons of meta-ethics. According to Paul Newall article moral philosophy is divided into branches; meta-ethics and normative ethics. The two have some differences according to how they are applied in the day to day real–life situations. Normative ethics is concerned with ethical questions that guide us in all what we do on a daily such as â€Å"What has value? † and â€Å"What are our moral obligations? † such questions give us our character and personality. Meta-ethics on its side is concerned with philosophical questions about ethics such as â€Å"What is value? † and â€Å"What can make it the case that we ought to do something? †. A personal ethical situation I experienced involved my neighbor who was caught stealing neighbor at the market place. Since police officers were not around to arrest him the mob took the chance to bit and stone him in protest. Being a person I had known over a period of time, I felt ethically right to save his live from the swelling mob. At first, I had to stop the mob from biting and stoning him, through dialogue. But my greatest fear was that the mob may turn and direct their anger towards me because I was protecting to protect a criminal who has been terrorizing them, but this did not happen since the crowd listened and accepted my request. In my opinion, it was ethically wrong for my neighbor to steal what others had ethically through struggle and hard work. He thus deserved to be punished, but the way the mob chose to punish the offender was totally unethical since the federal laws and regulations that govern the state should be followed in such a case. Being a quite tricky situation, I requested the mob first to stop any further biting and stoning and took the chance to dialogue and discuss with them other possible ways of punishing the offender such as taking him to the law officers. The mob seemed not to reason ethically at first because the police had in many cases fallen short of providing adequate security and the residents had no trust in them anymore. When I finally won them, I narrowed further to the issue of acting contrary to the state laws and the implications of their actions and even explained to them that the offender has right to live. The reason for this approach was that the mob seemed to have no moral standards and obligations to judge between good and bad. In many occasion, the mob makes wrong decisions but evaluates their action after an ffence has been committed, in this case the death of my neighbor. In my opinion their action was bad and could not be justified ethically, philosophically the mob morality was not rational and was not grounded in the notion of human happiness for both the accused ad the accusers. According to Newall’s explanation of normative ethics, several ethical questions must be questioned by all the participants in the whole process. First, my neighbor should have analyzed whether his decision to steal had any moral obligation and any value. Such a personal question should have stopped him from making the decision to steal. His morals could have been provoked and changed of mind taking a decision to engage in a more productive activity rather than stealing. The mob as well should have questioned their morals before choosing their action. By stoning to kill it implies that their morals were all wrong because it is moral wrong to hurt anyone. The law is very clear and precise on what should be done in such a case, but because they never followed the law; their moral values are as well questionable. My action was guided by the value of life and that no one is supposed to take the law into their own hands by causing bodily harm to anybody. My moral obligation was to safe my neighbor because if I watched him stoned to death, my moral conscience and quit would haunt me because I should have acted to save him. In conclusion, all our actions and decisions should be guided by our morals values and that normative ethics must always prevail in any action. We are supposed to fully evaluate our actions and be ready to face the consequences of our actions.

The Odyssey, The Presence Of Divine Intervention Essay

Throughout the Odyssey, the presence of divine intervention overwhelmingly shapes the story as a whole. The relationship between humans and gods within the book can be characterized as one that provides humans options, commonly in the form of an omen and according to their choices, will result in a set punishment or appraisal. From an individual’s choices in life and the aforementioned trials, a god or goddess will positively or negatively impact the person’s life. This divine intervention drives people to practice holy acts out of self-interest and fear which reveals that all humans at their base are not altruistic but, selfish and only care for events that will promote their lives. Their faith in or fear of the gods also provide insight on humans’ tendencies to divert blame, and be scared of the unknown. Throughout the Odyssey each and every character serves as a median to demonstrate how the gods intervene in humans’ lives that they either favor or desp ise and according to their subjective views on these people, they will construct their fate. In various encounters throughout the book, Athena, the goddess of wisdom influences the lives of Odysseus’s family in order to improve their fate due to her favoritism for the persistent mariner attempting to return home and respect of his cleverness. Her preference to Odysseus is seen in the beginning of Book 1 stating to her father, Zeus that she is concerned of the whereabouts of Odysseus and pleads for support to deliver himShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey and Dantes Inferno1300 Words   |  5 Pages The epic tales of The Odyssey and Inferno, respectively, were seemingly written along a parallel train of thought when describing their characters journey, easily engaging the creative functions of the reader with adventurous tales of hope and adventure. Their characters, Odysseus and Dante himself, reflect upon their like and equal struggles in the quest to return home and the help tha t they received along the way that helped them make the return possible. The Odyssey begins far ago when OdysseusRead MoreOdysseus Fate Vs Fate Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pagesliterary pieces that involve an element of a supernatural being, a higher power that mortal man cannot compare to. 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